"Númenor was in the Great Sea, closer to Aman in the West than to Middle-earth in the east. In shape it was a star, with five peninsulas extending from the central region, which was around 250 miles (400 km) across. "Númenóreans" derive from Númenórë, that means "West-land" in Quenya. Tarcildi is their name in Quenya and its equivalent in Sindarin is Terchildi. In Adûnaic their name is Adûnâi that means “Men of Westernesse”, while they were known as Go-hilleg in a Pre-Númenórean language.
The Númenóreans were also on average very tall with six foot four inches being the average among them. Many far exceeded this height. One characteristic that set them apart from typically resembling humans was their longevity. Númenóreans were not immortal as the Elves or Ainur, however in gratitude for their service during the War of Wrath, they were blessed with extended lifespans averaging three times those of other men. Those descended from the House of Elros could live for around 400-500 years. They also aged more slowly than other Men and when they felt their period of vigour ending, were able to lie down and surrender their lives peacefully.
Númenóreans were noted to be notable for their highly advanced technologies and knowledges in various fields of art and science. They were able to develop medical advances in the fields of pharmacy and embalming, and their ironsmith techniques produced weapons which were rustproof and strong enough to penetrate trolls' hides. Númenórean construction techniques were particularly remarkable to be able to build magnificent structures including Gondorian structures such as Minas Anor and Minas Morgul...."